There is buzz all over the place at the moment about location services. The initial excitement that came from early adopters with foursquare, gowalla etc has died down, but there's still a bubbling anticipation that campaigning or service provision based on user location is going to tip into the mainstream any day now. I wanted to take a minute to have a think about how this might play out and how one might get involved if one worked with a campaigning organisation.
Even with facebook joining in, I think it's fair to say there hasn't been mass take-up of any location based apps or services (ok, maybe maps). It's probably because many phone owners either don't have gps/apps yet, but I'd be interested to compare the penetration level of smart phones to the take up of location services. I'm guessing, but they probably don't correlate.
I think we're at the start of something similar to the transition that 'photos' made between MySpace and Facebook. If you remember, in the old days, us young people were busy creating our myspace poses and being individuals. Here's a tame example of what I mean, one of my own attempts from 2004:

Becuase of the storage limitations of the myspace service at the time, and the cultural 'emo' thing (which wasn't really emo) that internet music marketing encouraged, users were very careful about the kind of picture they posted. Each shot was carefully constructed and posed to communicate some sort of expressively nonchalant transitional moment - you can see I'm failing at it here by looking at the camera.
Flash forward to to 2006 and all of a sudden a very different kind of picture is being enthusiastically pasted all over facebook. There's much less posing, no storage limitation, and no quality control. Pictures on nights out are taken and uploaded without any real thought, and albums of 60-100 very similar shots started filling people's feeds. It seemed that everyone was at it. Privacy is an underlying concern, but it's controlled by choosing who you are friends with, and who you allow to access your different data.

So I think this is going to happen with location. Right now, we're at a stage where we're carefully choosing where to check in, based on our small networks of fellow users, the 'coolness' of the location or event, and whether we're going for the whole game thing. Before not too long, I predict many people will be closer to the "let's take hundreds and post every picture from tonight" model, with much less regard for quality or in interesting peers. Of course, the bell curve will mellow out a bit once it has peaked, and we'll start to see more useful applications throughout our everyday lives. But we're not anywhere near there yet.
Why do I think that's coming soon? Well the way apps like foursquare have spread seems to be generally at the point of use; the "what's that" moment that is sparked when someone opens up their phone in a pub to check in. It's then down to users to sum up the plus points of the app to their peers. In my case this has usually been along the lines of "you get to be mayor", to which many people have responded "I'm not that bothered about being mayor" and so they haven't bothered signing up themselves. It's not fun, as TechCrunch say, and not ideal.
The much more persuasive promise, for me at least, was always that "You'll be able to see if any of your friends are nearby to meet up". But the network of users was so small that this was never really possible. Facebook getting in on the game means that all of a sudden my entire list of friends is potentially a part of this network. That's quite exciting for me, and it's obviously quite exciting for brands, who are starting to make use of the 'deals' functionality.
If the deals and the networks available start to appear fulfilling enough, I anticipate we'll see a much closer correlation between take-up of services and smartphone use.
It should be really exciting for charities. As Rob Dyson writes, the opportunity to communicate with people based on their physical location is perfect for some organisations. Action for Children, Red Cross, and Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research have already got started and are doing some great work, and things like CauseWorld have had huge success. If future, imagine a homeless charity able to appeal to people near problem areas, or a road safety campaign asking people to be aware of dangers of certain roads nearby. An outdoors organisation like YHA or the Ramblers could start offering tips on great locations and walks.

American Red Cross's foursquare badge, earned by checking in when giving blood.
And organisations shouldn't just think in terms of new activities for new audiences. We're presented with an opportunity here to enrich services we already offer, to re-package our existing communications in ways that may be more effective or more what we had in mind in the first place - If you're the sort of group that relies on distributing pamphlets in key places, or getting flyers to key audiences, perhaps there are ways you can add to that, using what you know about those spaces and people.
It's going to be a long time before there are enough people plugged into location aware devices for them to be the only medium we can use, but that also offers an opportunity to create more advocates in the meantime. Giving existing supporters a new way to connect should bring them closer to you, and surprising non-supporters with innovative messages will catch their attention in a much more lasting way than perhaps might have been if you were using more conventional media.
My encouragement would be to think about your target audiences - where are they, what are they doing, and how can you position your organisation and work to be relevant at those points. There may be things you're already doing that aren't as effective as you'd like, or there might be new possibilities you're thinking of - either way it might be time to start thinking about location-aware media as a new tool in your arsenal of communication methods.
See you when we get there!